Building a budget is not a task for the feint of heart. It's a grueling process wherein one needs to think of everything. In this respect, when I say everything, I'd like to be clear that I mean to say everything. When you do the script breakdown, you are thinking in your minds'-eye how the project will look on screen and stepping back and pulling out all the elements. Budgeting is the step where you take each of those elements and step back on further and determine what it will take logistically and (important on this step) financially.
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To the right you will find various aspects of building a budget, from theory to practice. Every line in your budget should mean something, have a purpose for being there and be thought about how it relates to other things in the production plan and elsewhere in the budget.
You will find that often decreasing or increasing one line item will affect one or more other line items in the budget. Planning now to not bring your Assistant Propmaster to location? Be sure to change the BTL Travel & Living hotels, flights, car & per diem. Also, adjust any rebate to reflect you are now hiring someone in-state. Lastly, consider that this local now brings his own props van, which now affects lines in transportation vehicles. That truck is also now not a 5-ton, but a normal van, so perhaps adjust fuel useage too. Downgrading the size of the truck also affects the rate at which you pay the driver in that new vehicle class. Get the idea?
Good luck and have fun!